Fuel system

Theory and background

The fuel pump, pumps the fuel through the feed line which goes through the fuel filter which then
goes to the fuel rail, which the injectors are connected to. The fuel pressure is controlled by fuel pressure
regulator. So when you drive the car at high revs there isn't enough vacuum in the manifold to open the valves which allows the fuel in the return line.

Procedure for experiment
Resistance test. Remove the harness connector from every injector. Using an ohmmeter we tested the resistance by using the injector terminals.
Checking injectors electrical signal by using noid light, and if the light goes brighter when you rev the car, then its good.
Checking injector operation by engine speed  while the engine is running i disconnected one injector plug at a time and recorded the RPM drop which gave me the Average of 100rpm
Checking injector winding resistance  With the engine turned off by using the ohm meter and checked the resistance of each injector winding, and the results was average of 14.5 ohms.

 Reflection on experiment
The overall results that I got was good because the noid light showed that the injectors had low resistance
when the car was reved  up.
When Checking the winding resistance the Normal spec reading should be around 16ohms according to the video below :)

Starter motor

1. Main Housing (yoke)
2. Overrunning clutch
3. Armature
4. Field coils
5. Brushes
6. Solenoid

When the start switch is closed, the coils  in the solenoid are

energized, creating a magnetic field. The field pulls the plunger

inward, which causes the shift lever to push the drive assembly

into mesh with the ring gear on the engine flywheel. Once the

pinion is in mesh, the plunger pushes the contacts closed, and

closes the circuit between the battery and the motor.

The current passes through the field coil then through the brushes to the armature commutator. The current forms interacting

magnetic fields around the field coil pole pieces and the armature lamination pack, and causes the armature to turn. The armature turns the drive pinion, which turns the ring gear, cranking the

engine.

When the engine starts, the start switch is released. This causes

the magnetic field in the solenoid to collapse, and a return

spring forces the plunger outwards. This opens the contacts, and

then disengages the drive assembly from the ring gear.

Proof of Logic Probe Construction

Health and Safety

The Law


Both the employer, Unitec Institude of Technology and its student have statutory obligations under the Healthand Safety in employment Act 1992 and all its amendments.

Health and Safety part 1

Employer Duties Include:

To take all practicable steps to:

Provide a safe working environment.

Provide procedures dealing with emergencies.

Provide facilities for staff that include toilets and rest rooms, also first Aid facilities.

Employees receive appropriate training in matters.

Students Duties include

Taking responsibility for your own safety and health at work.

Ensuring that your action or inaction does not harm others.

Reporting all injuries or near hits to your supervisor as soon as possible after the event.

Hazards

To help reduce the health and safety risks in our workplace we need you to report any hazards  that you mayidentify that have the potential to cause injury or serious harm

Report the problem to your supervisor immediately so that the risk can be analysed and preventative action taken.

Who is your Health and safety representative Rob Humphreys

 

Health and Safety part 2

 

Read and explain in your own words the FIRE and EVACUATION process including

were you should meet if there is a fire, what colour vest do the fire wardens were?

 

Health and Safety part 3

Need to do the presentation on student safety responsibilities this can be done in a group active on in peers.

 

Health and Safety part 4

 

Complete the puzzle

Week 3

Alternators.

An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.

Most alternators use a rotating magnetic field but linear alternators are occasionally used. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the word refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines.

Alternator tests

Rotor winding to ground test: 

there should be no circuit between the rotor shaft and slip ring

Rotor winding internal resistance test:

Use the slip ring to measure this, the reading should be between 2 to 6 ohms

Testing stator winding resistance:

Internal resistance was good because it needs to be between 0.0 to 0.2 ohms

Testing the rectifier diodes:

This gave us a fail result, with the common lead on B for both positive and negative.

But positive lead on B gave the right results.

Summary of week 2

Batteries.
The battery consist of 6 cells. half is negative and half is positive. each of them stores 2.1V so in total a charge battery should be 12.6V.

State of Charge
100% = 12.6v
75% = 12.45v
50% = 12.3v
25% = 12.15v

Load test
Divide CCA by 2 and voltage should stay above 12.

High rate discharge test.
Should get the reading of 0.01 - 0.02 if more than 0.06 than something must be on.

Always recycle the battery because of acid

Avoid sparks and flames around the battery and dont over charge it as it can explode.

Positive plate - Lead peroxide to lead sulphate
Negative plate - sponge lead to lead sulphate

Battery corrosion must be cleaned with hot water.

Use a voltmeter or hydrometer to check state of charge.

That is the summary of week 2 which was applied in the theory and practical test.

week 2... day 3 (thurs)

Well we came into class really late because of traffic, SH1 was closed so we missed most of practical.
We found out that the Bluebird in the workshop had a brake light that wasn't working. So the first thing we did was checked the fuse and it turned out that it wasn't working.

Batteries:

week 2... day 2 (wed)

Thyristor act as bistable switches, conducting when their gate receives a current trigger, and continue to conduct while they are forward biased (that is, while the voltage across the device is not reversed).
The thyristor is a four-layered, three terminal semiconducting device, with each layer consisting of alternately N-type or P-type material, for example P-N-P-N. The main terminals, labelled anode and cathode, are across the full four layers, and the control terminal, called the gate, is attached to p-type material near to the cathode. (A variant called an SCS—Silicon Controlled Switch—brings all four layers out to terminals.) The operation of a thyristor can be understood in terms of a pair of tightly coupled bipolar junction transistors, arranged to cause the self-latching action. 


The thyristor is a four-layered, three terminal semiconducting device, with each layer consisting of alternately N-type or P-type material, for example P-N-P-N. The main terminals, labelled anode and cathode, are across the full four layers, and the control terminal, called the gate, is attached to p-type material near to the cathode. (A variant called an SCS—Silicon Controlled Switch—brings all four layers out to terminals.) The operation of a thyristor can be understood in terms of a pair of tightly coupled bipolar junction transistors, arranged to cause the self-latching action.

Week 2.... day one (06/03/12)

All about batteries

State of Charge:

100% State of Charge = 12.60 – 12.7 v

  75% State of Charge = 12.45 – 12.5 v

  50% State of Charge = 12.30 – 12.4 v

  25% State of Charge = 12.15 – 12.2 v

When the battery is fully charged it goes up to 12.6 volts
there are 6 cells and 2.1 volts in each


Looking after the battery is very important to avoid corrosion and things on the battery.

Week ONE

In the first week of uni, all we learnt was about the OHMs law and ways we can use it in different such as measuring Ohms, resistance and voltage.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

Always have Overalls and safety boots

1. Always listen carefully to the teacher and follow instructions.

2. Do not run in the workshop, you could ‘bump’ into another pupil and cause an accident.

3. Know where the emergency stop buttons are positioned in the workshop. If you see an accident at the other side of the workshop you can use the emergency stop button to turn off all electrical power to machines.

4. Always wear an apron as it will protect your clothes and hold lose clothing such as ties in place.

5. Wear good strong shoes. training shoes are not suitable.

6. When attempting practical work all stools should be put away.

7. Bags should not be brought into a workshop as people can trip over them.

8. When learning how to use a machine, listen very carefully to all the instructions given by the teacher. Ask questions, especially if you do not fully understand.

9. Do not use a machine if you have not been shown how to operate it safely by the teacher.

10. Always be patient, never rush in the workshop.

11. Always use a guard when working on a machine.

12. Keep hands away from moving/rotating machinery.

13. Use hand tools carefully, keeping both hands behind the cutting edge.

14. Report any damage to machines/equipment as this could cause an accident.

Volt is practical unit of electromotive force and potential difference

Ampere is unit of current

Ohm is unit of resistance

Watt is practical unit of power

Farad is unit of capacitance

Hertz is unit of frequency

Conventional current flow is where the current flows from positive to negative

Electron current flow is where the current flows negative to positive

To calculate watts the formula is VOLTS x AMPS

To calculate resistance in a parallel circuit is R1 x R2 Divided by  R1 + R2

To calculate resistance in series circuit you just add the resistance.

This is all the important things that i learned in my first week.

PLEASE COMMENT IF YOU NEED ME TO IMPROVE!!